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Smyrna / İZMİR NAME MEANING of:

As a residential area of Izmir occur starting from the period, is about an advanced version with different names are the comments. However, even if for short periods of time, none of these names are thought to have been used, such as Smyrna name could not be permanent and lasting.

Already today, the name used as Izmir, Smyrna became the word format. Smyrna earlier forms of the word that the allegations are Samorna or Smurna. However, development can be viewed as definitive, Smyrna format is about. Smyrna name, the city has a long history and continued existence has been conquered by the Turks in Istanbul has started to say. Smyrna at the beginning of words, pronunciation of English during the tone I had come and started to be pronounced as İsmir, then Izmir format used today has evolved.

Meaning of the names of cities, about their history can host some clues. The clues, or through the establishment of the city that might shed light on conversions is important. Izmir is a good example. Because of the city of Smyrna name to move the story on the tracks; kelimenin Yzmir way to convert the city into a cultural structure that symbolizes the cultural environment to another. The first is considered to be the guardian of the ages in the city or people living in cities compared to the solution of the problems that have contributed to the number of higher powers of nature were believed. Therefore, greater forces of nature represented in the city near the venue to set up, was the general tendencies of people. Here is our city, the so-called word in Smyrna, was established in the vicinity of such a sacred space available is thought to be effective. This sacred space, Halkapınar source and that source is claiming that the establishment of the pond. 19. century European traveler coming to İzmir with the name of Bath Diana mentioned the source of the Halkapınar and lakes, the main goddess worship space that is also frequently repeated information. Therefore Smyrna / Izmir name of the Mother goddess Resources / Golcuk, or at least the main Goddess / Holy Home is thought to be related to meaning. Resources and these resources occurs Halkapınar around the lagoon, the city's long history has continued to remain in place during the visit. The period of the Ottoman Empire in the population of İzmir as a promenade and pleasure ground was a field is preferred. Celebrity travel and we know of Evliya Çelebi, XVII. visited in mid-century, is known to Izmir. Evliya Çelebi, entering İzmir'e depicted in a way to live Halkapınar'ı has passed and the people of Izmir are seen in this region are fun. Halkapınar source, the end of the Ottoman State in times of need for İzmir's drinking water has been used. Therefore, water supply cut off, and then fill the pond was dry. Is about the location of the pond Halkapınar Ataturk stadium and around the falls is today. The city received the name of this natural and historical heritage is not reached today, in terms of Izmir was misadventure.

The transformation Smyrna'nın İzmir as the period starting from the city and our organization Ion, Roman and Byzantine era continues in the cultural structure, the transition corresponds to the Ottoman culture media. IS. XI. Since the last quarter century, the Turks and the introduction of Izmir and its environs, İS after this date. XV. century was long-time Turkish sovereignty. In the process, the transformation begins as Smyrna'nın Izmir, in 1426 with the takeover will be completed exactly the Ottoman domination.

İzmir's Foundation Location: TEPEKULE

Smyrna-Flag Izmir's founding date and the location of the disputed information is found, the city starting today about the Flag in the district and Tepekule known as historical places, old places of Izmir organization that is known. This historical place but a peninsula is thought to be. Eski İzmir in the narrow peninsula was connected to the main land with a neck. But in the move of thousands of rivers flowing into the Gulf of materials and the expiry of the sea led to the current line is drawn.

Smyrna-Flag This is where the organization of the elections, concerns of the period enough to respond. Because defense against attack from outside to provide a convenience. Future attacks by land only through the peninsula isthmus linking the main land could increase the chance of tight control was an area. Attack from the sea, before reaching the city can be tracked and allows Smyrnalılara would take measures.

Smyrna-Flag your preferences ahead of the Organization of the early safety factor set up commercial activities. Located on a peninsula, the city provides a natural port, maritime trade environment was created.

Smyrna-Flag this is the first organization of Izmir place preference What other reasons are to be effective to understand, may be useful to look around. When we replace the old institutions in flag of Izmir, near the sea flows into the environment makes the presence of small streams. This stream of productive agricultural lands by irrigation water was reached. Starting from the end point of the Gulf today, extending to the plains of passage that Belkahve in some locations, especially near the sea, even if the semi-swamp, still is known that the presence of areas suitable to agriculture. This broad plains, the city's Smyrna-Flag to meet dietary needs benefits provided are final. To understand where the organization, both marine and agricultural trade opportunities at some point have had. Trade and nutrition needs of urban zenaatla involved in against how much it is important that these facilities are open.

Therefore, the defense selected location, security, economic activities and to provide significant advantages in terms of nutrition opportunities.

ORGANIZATIONS AND FOUNDER of OLD İZMİR:

Organization's history and founder of Old Istanbul where the information about who can be collected in the two categories. One of these categories, yet the information on the nature of myth as prove that we can create. Smyrna-Flag Busöylencelerden One of the first founders of Izmir Amazon is coming on now. Another is the city's legendary king of Phrygia is developed around Tantalos'un name. In fact, that allegedly belonged Tantalos'a there is a grave.

Another version of the myth, the city's founders are expressed as Lelegler. However, none of this information source myths, archaeological excavations in the data obtained from the location of the Flag of the chance to prove bulamamıştır.

The information available about the organization of Izmir in the second category of historical records and archaeological data are required to specify it generates. The findings obtained from the excavations made in a sparkling, io of İzmir's organization. Year in 3000 until the show. However, the date for the establishment of İzmir, excavation and early settlement of the progress achieved in the case of layers, than the previous year, also is thought to go.
Research has shown that the city of Izmir is a Aiol. A period of influence into the Hittite Empire, but, to remain city Aiol to capture the city until Ionia'lıların is known. Izmir is the establishment of a peninsula, was found in border regions Aiolis and Ionia.

Smyrna-Flag this position in the formation of the future of old Izmir has played an important role. Because this Aiolis the city limits Ionia'lılar, advantageous position, because the attempt to capture not delay. The developments in this period, Ion cities to bring about and strengthen their trade had become rich through. Aralarında oluşturdukları birlikle güçlü bir ticari ağ kuran on iki Ion kentinin, Ege kıyılarındaki etkinlikleri artmıştı. Io. 800 due to take place in these units, such as Ion does not have freedom of the city, did not prevent one of their competition. Thus was created a live commercial environment. Probably due to the advantageous position, business activities until the last point of the Gulf of Izmir who want to spread Ionia'lılar, border city in Aiol took it. Who seized the city of Izmir on the two-ion is thought to be Kolophhon or Ephesus.

Mythology is more Kolophon'luları out. Accordingly io. 700 years, was divided into two Kolophon'da people due to political traction. Divided into two Kolophon'lulardan part, will have to leave town and will seek refuge in Izmir. But then the city of Izmir from local capture the city will take. The city of Izmir is possessed İon'lara people, will be forced to deal. According to the agreement and will be able to get the city of Izmir on the remaining items would be replaced by invaders. According to Herodotos, and this agreement with the city of Izmir then became an ion. He's told, Aiol city of Izmir, the Ion is developing into a city. But the mainspring of the city of Ionia to strengthen their unity and trade through important events in a class in Izmir should have to take.

A well-functioning transatlantic colonies through the sea trade network that has captured the İon'ların Izmir, the city has caused a transformation on fast. Through trade and development, because in a short time has become rich. Io. VII. and VI. centuries of cities have established Ion rich through trade colony is known. To estimate this situation is reflected in İzmir's life and the physical structure is not delayed. The richness of the city and the neighboring gelişkinlik activation Lydia'lıları and Izmir entered the war. Io. Lydia armies during 610-600, the city has managed to capture. To destroy the city and were later destroyed Lydia'lılar. Have managed to re-establish the city, however, the people of İzmir.

Former İzmir's collapse, is the result of the Persian invasion in Anatolia. Persian emperor, the army of progress in Anatolia, the Aegean coastal city of Lydia against the kingdom itself was asked to support. This request does not comply with the scourge of the Aegean coastal city of the Persian Emperor Lydia'nın seized after Sardes'i capital, along with other coastal cities to Izmir was also attacked. Persian army, as a result of the attack, io. Izmir was destroyed in 545. After this destruction, a more urban residential areas in order Bayraklı a settlement could not occur. After that, the size of the village and continued as a settlement örgütsüz. Thus, the first phase of the city of Izmir has ended. However, the city will continue the story.
From the day we receive this first period of Izmir and the ruins of what work may be helpful to indicate that. First of all mentioned above, but will make significant evidence about the mythological records are not available, the king said that the tomb belonged to Tantalos'a should not. XIX. Since the beginning of the century, that allegedly belonged to the legendary king Tantalos'a these tombs, however, was found in the back Bayraklı.
This tomb is not certain whether the Tantalos'un, is certain to be extremely important for the history of İzmir. According to the examination, io. VI. century history and the grave of a Persian governor or manager is likely to be grave, was unfortunately destroyed. XIX. trying to understand the internal structure of the early century tombs of the traveler initiates a destructive process, and then continued. Like other tombs in the flag back in the tomb, was lost among slum. Grave of the stones used in construction and structure is unraveled. Today the ruins of the XIX. century was discovered in the period depicted in the drawing is too far away from the view.
The rest of Izmir in the first period, the most important legacy, is the city itself. Flag in the ruins, the excavation is being revealed a little more with each passing day. Until today in the work plan of the city grid, the one with one of the perpendicular streets in a structure that is understood örülü. Among the important findings in two temples in the city, the city's walls, examples of civil architecture, street, streets, and fountains can be counted.

Izmir and the Turkish period in the Byzantine era the beginning of the year

Byzantine Empire period İzmir'inin, seems difficult to tell a lively city. Byzantine period, striking today have not reached any of the urban elements, attributes this idea is correct. Byzantine Empire since the end of the period, the city of Izmir from space, destroying fires, earthquakes, wars and people's need for new urban intervention that changes the texture of this period of work experience in the day can be considered to prevent access. However, this explanation does not appear to be valid too. This results in the formation of an efficient cause, the city is not making new investments. Time-time investment and construction of the work, is destroyed in the earthquake. Another reason is the Byzantine Empire adopted Christianity as official religion, with many gods and their religious beliefs in terms of period, in violation of the remaining work is to find understanding. The work was created before them in the city of material, is used for construction of religious buildings. In the same way the pieces disassembled column capitals and other architectural elamanları moved Konstantinopolis'e the monumental palaces and temple-like buildings ÇakaBey is used in the construction. Works in the Roman period Aquaducts, Agora, and is not a coincidence Kadifekale'nin remain robust. Because the required water belts, and the need Kadifekale Agora, the Roman period, in accordance with the purpose of use, has continued to be used in the Byzantine period. Agora and a defense structure that is a commercial location with a castle, to the Byzantines was function. Meets the needs of the city's water infrastructure is an important part in the destruction of the aqueduct could not think. But in Rome and before the period and temples used sacred space, an understanding of the Byzantine people opposed to faith reflects not escape being destroyed for.
Already in this period the development of Izmir, this is suitable for extraction. Byzantine Empire from the early religious centers of İzmir is known as a step forward. Emerging in the process of spreading Christianity in Anatolia, one of the seven churches were in Izmir. In the last period of the Roman Empire, trying to spread Christianity to the activities of the saints is the scene of Izmir and its environs during this period will have a period of strife. The effect of traction on the city, the Byzantine Empire adopted Christianity as official religion, the reduced period is entered and a more calm. Then you will have the character of Izmir in the Byzantine period, the formation, that is the case to turn into a religious center. Izmir, the religious center of the Byzantine period features have been removed due to the level of capital Konstantinopolis. Outside the capital city of Emperor Leon Yzmir as Konstantinopolis then declared. Izmir because of this feature "can be self-governing city" in the title was an. Had completely changed the structure of the city says. But just to note that, İzmir structural change, but with a different impersonation, unless the city entered a new identity that was important.
Administrative and religious center of the city to be a win to reach the advanced level, the IS. VII. Since the beginning of the century, some exposure to external attack, the development began to be interrupted. Sasani'lerin attacks in 608 years, starting from 637 years will continue for some time was followed by the Arab invasion. The raids carried out against the Byzantine Empire Emevi States and around Izmir and for us, İzmir and security problems and economic activities have been negatively affected. The capital of the Byzantine army Kostantinopolis Emevi who directed the attacks, with the Aegean coast to Izmir was under the influence. The Emevi time in 665 years, Istanbul has passed into the hands of Arabs. The winter time in Izmir, Turkey 671-72 Emevi army is known to spend. In the same way 716 years ago in Izmir and around the direction we are aware than an invasion. During this time Emevi army then took Sardis and Bergama. This was during the siege but also to the city of İzmir could enter. After this time the Arab armies in and around Izmir is on the lead.
In addition to internal problems outside attacks, the IS. VII. Throughout the century, Istanbul had a negative affect. VII. In the first quarter century, the beginning and the end of the Byzantine Empire in a short time under all the regions affected areas, "the sacred image of invidiousness" referred to the action name, has lived in Izmir. The removal of religious imagery in churches, who want, and Christians worship the images reinforce the belief that the defense is rivalry between the very intense in a way that has been going for years. A civil war dragged into Byzantine society which only the church after this current period of increasing yaygınlaştı.Bir depicted in the context of the break-out. Remaining from the period before Christianity's ancient city of Anatolia, statues, temples and other architectural works, due to the depiction of the attack began. İzmir's share in this movement and that we have mentioned above the city of Rome and before the period of work is being destroyed there is no doubt. This creates anxiety and terror of a great rivalry, unfortunately, besides destruction of the city, the city's economic life was also negatively affect. Estimates of external and internal challenges to this, has prevented the development of Izmir. However, IX. century from the start of Izmir has been revived. Starting from this period, the danger from the sea and so on Byzantine territory. against attacks, Izmir was used as the Byzantine fleet on the base. It is connected in the same period Izmir, shipyards and the ship went forward with production. Shipping on this development, the result of Izmir prepared militarily important. Be administrative and religious center of Izmir, in addition to strengthening the military, the city has to rally itself.
Military, administrative and religious center of the Byzantine Empire as the most important center in the Aegean coast of Izmir from the situation in this process in terms of trade were also beginning to revive. Approximately X. At the beginning of the century, "Sisam Theması Sea" as the center of İzmir was chosen. Is used in the Byzantine Empire Thema administrative unit of the provincial administration is. Created a structure of Samos were Sea Theması commercial concerns. Therefore, this administrative unit is the center of Izmir, the city was also cause to take a commercial feature. İzmir's military, administrative and religious aspects of the features move, to participate in the trade center properties, the city was quick to reflect the physical structure. Between 969-976 years, the city met the military, administrative, religious and commercial services for a better view, to Izmir by the emperor of the period, many structures were built. However, none of these structures could not be reached today. This is because the effect of the destruction of the people, they should also specify that the share of natural disasters. Indeed, in 1025 the city experienced the largest victims of the earthquake damage, the collapse of these structures to be constructed was caused.

cakabey dragged into this war Only after the church depicted in the flow of increasingly yaygınlaştı.Bir to break out of context. Remaining from the period before Christianity's ancient city of Anatolia, statues, temples and other architectural works, due to the depiction of the attack began. İzmir's share in this movement and that we have mentioned above the city of Rome and before the period of work is being destroyed there is no doubt. This creates anxiety and terror of a great rivalry, unfortunately, besides destruction of the city, the city's economic life was also negatively affect. Estimates of external and internal challenges to this, has prevented the development of Izmir. However, IX. century from the start of Izmir has been revived. Starting from this period, the danger from the sea and so on Byzantine territory. against attacks, Izmir was used as the Byzantine fleet on the base. It is connected in the same period Izmir, shipyards and the ship went forward with production. Shipping on this development, the result of Izmir prepared militarily important. Be administrative and religious center of Izmir, in addition to strengthening the military, the city has to rally itself.
Military, administrative and religious center of the Byzantine Empire as the most important center in the Aegean coast of Izmir from the situation in this process in terms of trade were also beginning to revive. Approximately X. At the beginning of the century, "Sisam Theması Sea" as the center of İzmir was chosen. Is used in the Byzantine Empire Thema administrative unit of the provincial administration is. Created a structure of Samos were Sea Theması commercial concerns. Therefore, this administrative unit is the center of Izmir, the city was also cause to take a commercial feature. İzmir's military, administrative and religious aspects of the features move, to participate in the trade center properties, the city was quick to reflect the physical structure. Between 969-976 years, the city met the military, administrative, religious and commercial services to see better, to Izmir by the emperor of the period, many structures were built. However, none of these structures could not be reached today. This is because the effect of the destruction of the people, they should also specify that the share of natural disasters. Indeed, in 1025 the city experienced the largest victims of the earthquake damage, the collapse of these structures to be constructed was caused.